The Main Reason for the Increase in the Divorce Rate Is Changes to Divorce Laws

According to the item the proportion of marriages ending in divorce has increased from 27,000 to almost 55,000 between 1961 and 1969. Although the changes in law might have an impact on the divorce rate of couples, I think that other factors are just as important or maybe even more important than changes to the law. The divorce reform act was introduced in 1969 and so couples were able to get a divorce without needing to prove adultery, cruelty or desertion. But to decrease the divorce rates, the government only accepted divorce requests from partners that have been living separate for at least 2 years.This law only increased the divorce rate as the item suggests that from 1969 to 1973 divorce rates doubled again. Another factor that could have an impact on change in divorce years is changes in position of women. From 1959 to 2005 the proportion of working women increased from 45% to 70%. This shows that women are now more independent due to changes in their economic position so it i s correct to say that availability of welfare benefits means women no longer have to be financially supported by their husband.Feminists rightly argue that the more independency of women creates a new source of conflict between couples, leading to more divorces. This argument is logical, because women tend to get divorced because they know that they can earn money and live independently in society. Also, Decline in stigma and changing attitudes could be causing divorce rates to increase. According to Since 1960s stigma has declined and divorce has become more socially accepted. Wilson (1966) argues that this reduction in stigma is a result of secularisation, the decline of religion in modern society. less than half of today's marriages involve religious ceremonies.He also believes that the attitudes towards the effect of divorce on children might have been shifted. In conclusion, although changes in law, decline in stigma and changing attitudes are reasons for the increase in the di vorce rate, I think that the change in position of women has the most impact on the increase of divorce rates because in the last decade women have gained many new rights in terms of the vote, employment and education, and the rise in divorce may reflect this shift in their position within society and make them less willing to accept marriages that do not fulfil their personal needs.

Reaction Paper About Martial Law

Reaction Paper about Martial Law On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law. The declaration issued under Proclamation 1081 suspended the civil rights and imposed military authority in the country. Marcos defended the declaration stressing the need for extra powers to quell the rising wave of violence allegedly caused by communists. As I watched the 11 clips of Martial Law, different feelings showed up in me. Related reading: Martial Law ReflectionAt first, knowing that a bright Filipino would take over the president’s position during those times, I feel contented because my impression regarding how he would rule the Philippines will be on a good state. However, as I continued watching the clips, my contentment feeling became anger because as he proclaimed that the Philippines will be under Martial Law, my good impression about him was ruined. Benigno Aquino Jr. ssued a warning during his speech since he is a newly elected senate; he stated that the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos was slowly being in a â€Å"garrison state† wherein the country will be under the control of militarist forces. When I saw this scene, I was actually agreeing with what Sen. Aquino said. During the early 1970s, the anti-government started doing rallies concerning the increase of price of gasoline and basic commodities, presence of US Military bases in the Philippines, foreign control over econom y, corruption in the government and widening gap between rich and poor.In this kind of scene, the government should start having reform movements so that the protests of the people will not be wasted but instead of this, violence is the government’s response. The government should understand the side of the mass but they were contradicted to what they are supposed to be doing. I also recalled in the film was the Plaza Miranda which was the symbol of democracy and freedom of speech since the activists and politicians gathers here.

Aims and Objectives for a Selected Business Essay Example for Free

Aims and Objectives for a Selected Business Essay ? †¢Describe what is meant by SMART objectives. An objective that follows SMART is more likely to succeed because it is clear (specific) so you know exactly what needs to be achieved. You can tell when it has been achieved (measurable) because you have a way to measure completion. A SMART objective is likely to happen because it is an event that is achievable. Before setting a SMART objective relevant factors such as resources and time were taken into account to ensure that it is realistic. Finally the timescale element provides a deadline which helps people focus on the tasks required to achieve the objective. The timescale element stops people postponing task completion. †¢Choose a business and describe its aim and 3 SMART objectives for how they can achieve their aim. oTesco want to be able to keep their carbon emissions down by making new buildings, they also want to make their business objects which have to follow this method Specific – this means that the business can make some specific objectives that the business wants to achieve, so if they want to hit a certain target of profit within a year they have to make a business plan or model to follow to achieve their goal. oMeasurable – this means that if a business wants to make some money, they can measure it in a certain amount of time, so if a business can make  £1000 pound in a month, then maybe next month they could forecast making an increase of that amount by studying the business activities throughout that month. Achievable – this means that a goal that the business can achieve with in a time period, so if a business wants to make  £1000 pound of profit in a month, then they could make it happen with the products that they might have to sell. oRealistic – this means that a business has to make realistic goals which that they can achieve, so things like making  £1,500 pounds in a week, this is a realistic goal because it could be made depending on the sales in the that week. oTime related – this means that each objective is set with in certain time, so it is like a dead line, if a business sets out to make and sell 5 computers in two weeks, then they now have time to create the product and then sell it within the time set. Aims and Objectives for a Selected Business. (2016, Dec 24).

Discovery of a Time Capsule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discovery of a Time Capsule - Essay Example Time capsule has numerous benefits and limitations. Among the benefits of time Capsule include: they help Archeologist and future generation to learn about the development of human race and the society at large. In addition, Time Capsule provides vital information concerning people way of life in a given region at a given period. However, despite those benefits, Time Capsule tends to have some limitations. Among those limitations include: they may not adequately provided all the relevant information regarding people in a particular region. In addition, they tend to be based on a particular geographical location and hence, some of the most important facts regarding the entire nations may not be communicated. In addition, capsule tend to be buried on the ground whereby, the archeologist and future generation may not access them items and hence, making them quite an effective method of communication (Rosenberg, 2013).Therefore, this study aims to provide an insight of the five items wer e found in a time capsule of 1960 by Archeologist in the year 2325.In addition, the study will explain the importance of the five items found in defining the era of the 1960s. 1. Describe each of the five items you have found. The five items that were found in the 1960s capsule include: a letter containing information on Vietnam War, a piece of paper containing anti war songs, DVD and CD’S Containing 1960’s of 1960 and photographs of the assassinated political leaders. The letter A letter containing information on Vietnam War was written by Dien Hu to the U.S president requesting for their support after Dien Hu, a French Leader, was defeated by a revolutionary leader, Ho Chi Minh. The letter was further explained the causes of war as well as reasons why United State was involved in the Vietnam War in 1960’s.Based on the letter, the war erupted as a result of political and economic differences between the U.S and Vietnamese regarding the issue of communism. Where by, the United State was against the idea of having communist society because it pulled down the economic development a country. Additionally, the U.S feared that communism might spread into their entire region. However, having U.S being involved in the war, the U.S involvement was not to win the war but to help southern Vietnamese who dint like the idea of communism to take over the leadership. The U.S increased its military troops in Vietnam in the year 1965 to 1969 in order to try and defeat supporters of communism. However, U.S troops faced great challenges because they did not fully understood about the topography of Vietnam where Guerilla warfare tactics were being applied by their opponents (Rosenberg, 2013). Apiece of paper containing songs The paper contained the songs of the year 1960’s that were communicating vital message concerning the American people traditions, culture, society, theirs struggles. The most important messages contained in letter emphasized on the words like; change is goanna come and people must get ready for the struggle. For example, the song by Aretha Franklin containing the song â€Å"Respect† communicated vital message concerning struggle of the American people against racial discrimination especially among the black Americans. In his song Mr. Franklin was trying to communicate vital message to the American and society at large on the importance of respecting all kinds of people

Discrimination and Prejudice to Control and Protect Interest Assignment

Discrimination and Prejudice to Control and Protect Interest - Assignment Example Social difference and socialization exist, these are passed from parents to children. Fear and ignorance are the two greatest concepts of prejudice. Some are concerned with a loss of power and control and therefore prejudice and discriminate the certain group of people (Whitley & Kite, 2010). Â  I encountered racial discrimination when I was the young adult. This was at a time when I went to an office to inquire about a license to hold a convention in a communal place. This was during political campaigns and I was campaigning for a local office. I wanted to hold a small rally on the local ground but I had to have a license for the same. The local police told me that I had to pay more money for the license because I was not white skin. They added that they would offer me the license at their mercy but not because I needed it. I felt so embarrassed but I did not give up with holding the rally. Â  The police officers told me that I could not hold the rally at the ground because I was not supposed to hold a public rally at the ground. They told me that that place was a reserve for the right members but not me. This was pure prejudice and discrimination. They discriminated me because I was not white and showed prejudice to me because I did not belong to their social class. They thought that I was competing with them for the support of the local people to be elected as a local office holder. This was very hurtful and offensive as well. While it is true I offered my candidature for the local office, my aim was not to offer competition but to improve the life of the local people by bringing services to them. This was discrimination and prejudice. Â  The police used their power and control to prejudice and discriminate me.

Unit 4 Group Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4 Group Project - Essay Example The top priority goes to factors like availability of career opportunities, nature of climatic conditions, status of crime rates, cost of living, educational, healthcare, transportation and entertainment facilities etc. These days, people are much conscious of the environmental concerns also and, therefore, like to live in cities that are pollution free. If one analyses the conditions in the city of San Diego from these perspectives it will come to fore that this wonderful city not only fulfills most of the conditions that make it a good dwelling option, but also has several other features that enhances it livability. Economic aspect is the first consideration for a person before taking a decision about the city he or she chooses to live in. People usually perceive economic stability as the criteria towards a better way of life. Therefore, a city that offers ample career opportunities will attract people who are talented, and they in turn will contribute to its progress. San Diego’s status as a blend of prospering industries like biotechnology, biosciences, computer and electronics, wireless cellular, submarine and shipbuilding, financial business etc make it a hot favorite of skilled workforce. This aspect enhances its acceptance as one of the most livable cities in the US. Next basic consideration for a person while choosing a city to live in is the educational avenues available there. In this context, San Diego features the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), which offers high quality education with state of the art technological support. Apart from this, there are several other accredited schools and colleges, including law schools and museums. Located in beautiful Balboa Park, the Museum of San Diego History presents the colorful and diverse history of the region, interpreting San Diegos growth since the 1840s. (Museum

As an Employer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

As an Employer - Essay Example However the features have to fulfill the basic requirements of the employees and the hardware should be durable. Lenovo Essential G570 is a laptop that offers competitive prices with excellent keyboard and improved track pad features. It has dual core mobile processor with 4GB DDR3 memory with a built in Intel HD Graphics 2000 graphics card. However, it doesn’t have HDMI ports and some installed software at times cause performance issues. Lenovo Essential G570 ranges between $570.00 – $620.00. This one comes with a Core i3-2310M processor, 4GB DDR3 memory, 500GB hard drive and 802.11b/g/n wireless. What really make this system stand out head and shoulders above from rest of the models are its external expansion capabilities. Dell Inspiron 15R includes two USB 3.0 and an eSATA port that gives you a wide range of speedy external peripherals. This clearly explains that this PC has a life beyond most budget laptops. This one is from one of the companies that actually offer dedicated graphics in very affordable prices. Acer Aspire AS560G-SB485 has an AMD Radeon HD 6470M graphics processer which enables it to process enhanced video even better with the casual 3D games. It has AMD A8-3500M quad core processers which satisfies all those users who are into multi tasking. Other specifications are 500 GB hard drive. 15.6-inch display with 1366x768 resolution and 802.11b/g/n wireless. It is priced between $520 - $600. All the above PCs provide great feature with variations. While Acer Aspire AS560G-SB485 provides best graphics, Lenovo Essential G570 provides best value. However, according to Kyrnin, Mark (2011), â€Å"What gives you the best overall performance is the Dell Inspiron 15R" (About.com Guide). Dell Inspiron 15R not only saves great money but also give all the essential features that a company would like to provide in a PC to their

Atermath of Katrina, Returning to a Workplace Essay

Atermath of Katrina, Returning to a Workplace - Essay Example My primary concern as an Industrial Hygienist deputed to clean up the hospital in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina would be to prevent or control the spread of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, flu, cold and TB. Because as evidence from similar natural catastrophes suggests, the people returning to New Orleans are likely to suffer from these diseases in the immediate aftermath of Katrina. Gastroenteritis is also likely to be prevalent. Hence I would order my team and also avail of services from other disaster relief personnel and design an basic hygiene awareness program for the hospital. For example, proper hand-washing techniques will be demonstrated to all concerned. Along with practical demonstrations, I would make posters, fliers and email postings to reiterate the proper technique of hand washing. I would place bottles of Gel hand sanitizers at important access points within the hospital. Other infectious diseases that I would try to prevent or control include rashes and skin infections. Once any of these diseases is identified in the surrounding population, it is imperative that diseased individuals are separated from the crowd so as to stop further spread. All the beds and chairs within the hospital will be scanned for fomites. It is advisable to remove soiled cots, mattresses and bed spreads from the premises. (Chew, et. al, 2006) I would also be concerned about the mold and endotoxin levels in the hospital environment. I will involve the two technicians in my team to bring samples and perform tests for ascertaining mold and endotoxin levels. It is imperative that they wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as respirators. The advice would be to wear elastomeric respirators. Alongside mold and endotoxin level measurement, I would implement the process of deconstruction, which entails removal of soiled and muddied carpets, removal of

Can Nation States response to dealing with illegal drug trade ever be Essay

Can Nation States response to dealing with illegal drug trade ever be effective - Essay Example The governments are spending heavily on the war on drugs and terror, yet little can be determined a success. According to the NCA, the UK hosts a highly attractive illegal drug market, which the government’s organized crime strategy states that it costs the nation an estimated  £10.7 billion annually (n.d.). The effects of the drugs moving around the streets of the world’s nations without well-known linked sources remain a devastating issue for the societies, where most families involved with the crimes of trafficking or use of the substances flourish at the expense of others or waste their health in addictions. UK’s demand for illicit drugs, especially Class A consisting of heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, and ecstasy have a large market share; Matrix Knowledge Group (2007, p.11) earlier on revealed estimates as â€Å"300 importers, 3000 wholesalers and 70000 street dealers†. Countries like USA, Jamaica and UK are among well-established origins and routes linking the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, North and South America, where high demands for illegal drugs are found. The UK has adopted numerous policies and has been working in coordination with other foreign governments. The fact is that drug smuggling and associated crimes is quite a complicated issue that cannot be solved by one nation state. Rather, it requires collective intervention and policies by governments, NGOS and good will individuals to offer an effective solution in reducing drug smuggling and production. Edwards and Gills argue that through international collaboration, these bodies can â€Å"pursue policies that re duce opportunities for successful organized crimes† and break existing criminal conspiracies (2003, p. 15). Drug smuggling into the UK has in the past been perceived to occur through different methods. Criminals have proved capable of using various

Sociology class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Sociology class - Essay Example mple given in the role of women as housekeepers and child-raisers has not only been generally observed but has been true since the beginning of recorded human history. This might be accounted to the physical built of the woman who is generally small than men and who are seen to be the weaker sex or more able and fit to face the demands of physical and mental strength required in such a responsibility. On the other side, men are expected to do the more difficult tasks especially those which demand physical output like farming, mining and the likes. Sociology then helps us understand our roles and, to the inquiring or curios thoughts of a person why things work in such ways and not in another way as he may see fit, provides an acceptable explanation. As mentioned earlier, the reasons behind every role one performs is inspected in the study of human beings and their relations and provides information that does not only help men to understand their roles but to accept them. However, like any other kind of study, not everything that one aims to pursue results to the bounds of an individual’s objectives of his study. For instance, the roles of men and women have been accepted to have separation and difference without question as they have been the norms we have grown through. However, in the passing of time, when the women proved that they are also able to do hard jobs, women’s liberation was borne which resulted to the many changes that we now see around us. There is no problem to the author about this matter but wha t is being pointed out here is the fact that sometimes studies extend its results to things that are out of our hands and still affect the sociological relationships we embrace. Thus, the things we once observed to have been accepted without question are now overturned and women now demand to be treated as equals to men, affecting not only men’s relationships in general but also affects the smaller groups of our society like husband and wife

Ethics approaches Essay Example for Free

Ethics approaches Essay Ethics approaches BY tealx021 Ethics in Communication After reading about the ethical considerations considering interpersonal and group communication, there are many similarities. The two differ in the sense of size. This leads to more considerations in the larger of the two, group communication, where there may be many different interpersonal relationships within the small group. However, for this analysis, like the book, I will focus on ethical considerations of the small group as a whole. Interpersonal relationships are unique in themselves, as each one is different han the next. One major ethical consideration in this context is fairness. When people are interdependent, or share mutuality, there are almost always issues of fairness or Justice that arise. These two issues are most commonly based off of individuals feelings and relational satisfaction. In our culture, this sense of Justice or fairness can be attributed to the distribution of rewards in proportion to each partners contributions. Relationships are often times weighed on costs and rewards. When this cost-reward system is unbalanced in relationships, we often see issues rise. Another major consideration in interpersonal relationships is privacy and autonomy, or openness and closeness. In communication, this comes down to self- disclosure. Issues can arise if one partner in the relationship is disclosing too much or too little about themselves, and there is an unbalance between the two relational partners. One major issue in relationships is Jealousy, which can stem from any of these ethical considerations. In small-group communication, there are a few unique ethical considerations that arise. One major issue in small groups is groupthink. Groupthink is the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility. Another unique ethical consideration is issues that involve symbolic convergence within in-groups and out- groups. Symbolic convergence can create or develop stereotypes or exclusion within and outside a small group setting. Small-group and interpersonal relationships do also share ethical issues in communication. One of these is the issue of responsibility, which can be constituted as individual responsibility or the other affects responsibility of the whole relationship, and each one. In small-groups, individual responsibility can be hampered by groupthink or Symbolic convergence. In interpersonal relationships, individual responsibility can be hampered by lack of fairness, or lack of interdependence based on self-disclosure. Much or this is based on context, but interpersonal and small group communication share these same ethical considerations. Many of these ethical issues surrounding interpersonal communication can be channeled well through dialogical ethics. Dialogical ethics involves approaching decisions by considering attitudes and behaviors, and illingness or ability of each participant to surrender ones self-interest. This involves having an open mind, and viewing you and the relational partner as equals, almost putting yourself in the other persons shoes, setting aside your perceptual interpersonal relationships. I can attribute this to my own experience, as I feel many of the arguments I have with friends or family members would be solved if we each put ourselves in each others shoes. A good approach to small-group communication is the virtue ethics approach. This approach puts a lot of emphasis on character, and oesnt put a set of rules in place that could potentially cause ethical issues involved in groupthink or stereotypes. This approach would hold people accountable based on character, and would promote creativity and good ideas within a small group. In my own experience in small-groups, everything comes down to virtue, including responsibility, prudence, etc. Many issues could be solved with this approach in a small group context. Both mentioned approaches would fit well in both interpersonal and group relationships, but I feel that I have placed them in their best-fit places.

Renewable Energy Essay Example for Free

Renewable Energy Essay Climate change is one of significant issues that have been considered in recent years. According to Anderson (2009), most climate researchers recognise it is essential to reduce 80 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 to prohibit effects of climate change. Furthermore, carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important causes to produce GHG which is combusted from heating, transportation and electricity generated by fossil fuels. However, one of the solutions for reducing CO2 emissions is using renewable energy to replace fossil fuel. In addition, renewable energy is generated by natural resources such as sunlight, wind and biomass which produce less or no pollution when generate energy. Furthermore, renewable energy will be demanded for approximately half of the worldwide electricity supplies to reduce CO2 emissions by 2050, which it is estimated by The International Energy Agency (Cited in Shi 2010). This essay will focus on two forms of renewable energies which are solar power and biofuels. Firstly, solar energy has been widely used to generate heat and electricity recently. Moreover, it will show the benefits and also point out some drawbacks of solar energy. After that, the discussion will describe the second form of widespread renewable energy in the transport sector which is biofuels. Finally, it will reveal advantages and a disadvantage of this energy. This essay argues that renewable energies, which are solar power and biofuels have been extensively utilised in recent years. Furthermore, they have more advantages than disadvantages. Solar Energy The sun is the largest source of energy, which is transformed to solar power for generating heat and electricity and has been widely used in recent years. According to European Union (2011), there are several applications to use solar energy for heating such as hot water at home, heating in factory and building and swimming pool. In addition, a cooling system also uses solar energy as heat absorption system to generate air conditioning and cooling system in refrigerator. Moreover, this kind of energy can be transformed to generate electricity by two ways. First of all, Prasad Bansal (2011) state that electricity is converted directly from light by Photovoltaic (PV) via semiconducting materials, whose basic composition is solar cells. Furthermore, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is another way to generate electricity, in which parabolic solar tower focuses the light to be used for a single point heating, and then produces steam to impel a turbine (European Union 2011). However, PV and CSP can collect electricity in the different ways. PV plants store the energy by connects to batteries, or sent to the electricity grid. On the other hand, CSP system can store heat by itself. Therefore, this power can be generated during the absence of sunlight during the day and night time (European Union 2011). Although there are many reasons for using solar energy, there are some reasons against the use of this kind of energy such as limited condition and the high cost. Firstly, the most significant problem of solar power supply is this energy is not available during the absence of sunlight (especially at night). Furthermore, in winter that often has cloud cover, there are only a low amount of solar power is available (Lakatos, Hevessy Kovacs 2011). However, this issue can be overcome with the use of CHP as it can store the power by itself. Therefore, it can be used during the absence of sunlight. In addition, thin film photovoltaic (PV) power is another solution of the places that have cloud cover. According to Blakeslee (2012), there are three layers in thin film PV for covering a wider spectrum of light. Thus, the light is scattered in all directions by clouds more than usually block it. Secondly, another disadvantage of solar is the high cost is considered as another obstacle of solar energy. As he states that, â€Å"A recent NYU study found the following actual 2005 costs in cents/kWh: Geothermal 3.1-4.3 Biofuels Energy Another widespread renewable energy is biofuel which has been developed to use instead of fossil fuels in the transport sector. There are two principle forms of ‘biofuels’ which are biodiesel and bioethanol. First of all, most of biodiesel is created from oil which is produced by oleaginous plants such as sunflower, rapeseed and palm by reacting with methanol (European Union 2011). Moreover, the viscosity of these oils decreases when they are heated. In addition, Adelekan (2012) points out that these oils can be transformed directly to a diesel engine when they burn, or they can be generated to produce fuels as biodiesel by chemical process. Another form of biofuel is bioethanol or ethyl alcohol which is burned easily to produce a flame, which is generated by distilling products from the sugars and maize when they are fermented such as sugar beet, cereals, sugar cane or biomass (Ortiz et al. 2011). In many countries, there are an increasing number to use bioethanol as ga sohol or oxygenate in gasoline. In addition, bioethanol is elementary to process and manufacture (Adelekan 2012). As well as solar power, using biofuel also brings some disadvantages such as an impact on demand for food. According to Habibah (cited in Adelekan 2012), A huge demand for crops, sugar and oleaginous plants might be impacted from the demand for biofuels which will be result for an increasing cost of food price, increasing level of poverty and food insecurity problem. In addition, biofuels are enemy for agricultural land that would have been used for growing food crops despite being used for growing energy crops now (Adelekan 2012). Therefore, the number of lands for agriculture would be decreased that would have an effect on shortage of food. However, if the government launches the policy of regulation to use agriculture land for growing energy crops, this issue would be overcome. Conclusion In conclusion, there are several significant benefits in the use of renewable energies which are solar power and biofuels to be utilised for replacing fossil fuels. As can be seen in the discussion above, solar energy can be transformed to generate heat and electricity with Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power. In addition, biofuels, another renewable energy can be used in transport sector to replace fossil fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol. However, although there are some disadvantages of both kinds of energy, their effectiveness is greater. In addition, these obstacles could be overcome in the near future. Therefore, the use of these renewable energies could be the essential alternative way to reduce CO2 emissions for the solution of climate change.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease with Cervical Lymphadenopathy

Rosai-Dorfman Disease with Cervical Lymphadenopathy Rosai-Dorfman Disease with Cervical Lymphadenopathy and Orbital Involvement: A Case Report *Sameer Saleem 1, Sundas Younas 2, Kamran Qayyum 3 1 MBBS (2013), Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan 2 MBBS (2013), Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan 3 MBBS (2014), Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan ABSTRACT Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), is a rare histiocytic disorder which occurs due to the over-production of non Langerhans sinus histiocytes. It is a nonmalignant disorder that most frequently affects children and young adults and typically presents with fever, night sweats, nonpainful cervical lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis and an elevated ESR. Extranodal involvement may also occur which includes skin and soft tissues, nasal cavity, orbit, bones, central nervous system, salivary glands, kidneys, respiratory tract and liver. The digestive tract, heart and breast can also be affected but very rarely. The disease has an unknown etiology, although some viruses like Human Herpes virus 6 and Epstein Barr virus have been implicated as causative agents. RDD can often be misdiagnosed as lymphoma, leukemia or tuberculosis, so it is imperative to distinguish it from these conditions as well as other causes of histiocytosis becaus e of the different treatment modalities. Diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease is based on biopsy of affected tissue. Biopsy showing the presence of emperipolesis, or the engulfment of lymphocytes and other immune cells by histiocytes that express S-100 antigen is diagnostic of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Once diagnosed, further workup including imaging studies are undertaken in order to determine the extent of the disease. In majority of cases, the disease resolves on its own however, treatments including corticosteroids, chemotherapy, surgical treatment or radiotherapy are carried out in severe or persistent disease or when organ function is at stake (e.g. breathing obstruction, kidney failure, visual problems). The case we report is that of a 16 year old girl who presented with a 6 month history of gradual onset drooping of left upper eyelid with mild proptosis of the left eye alongwith mild drooping of right upper eyelid, low grade fever, night sweats and cervical lymphadenopathy. Blood workup showed increased ESR, CT scan of orbits showed superior orbital masses and diagnostic biopsy revealed Rosai-Dorfman disease. Keywords: Rosai Dorfman disease, cervical lymphadenopathy, emperipolesis, histiocytes, proptosis CASE REPORT A 16 year old girl presented to the outpatient department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan in February 2015 with a six month history of gradual onset, painless left upper eyelid drooping alongwith low-grade fever and night sweats plus a 20 day history of gradual onset right upper eyelid drooping. She also noticed a few lumps in her cervical region. She had no significant past medical history of any major illness and no family history of tuberculosis or blood disorders was found. Her vitals were as follows, BP 120/80 mm Hg, pulse 90/min, respiratory rate 15/min and temperature 100.2 ÃÅ'Ã…   F. On examination she had bilateral painless cervical lymphadenopathy and bilateral superior orbital masses on palpation. Her vision was 6/6 in both eyes. Ptosis was seen in both right (3mm) and left (5mm) eyes. Mild left eye proptosis was also seen. Extraocular movements were restricted in upper gaze of both eyes, more so of the left eye. There was no evidence of any visceromegaly and the rest of the general physical and systemic examinations were unremarkable. Lab investigations: Hb 11.1 g/dl, RBC 4.27 million/cmm, Hct 32.4 %, MCV 76 fl, MCH 25.9 pg, MCHC 34.2 g/dl, Platelet count 328000/cmm, TLC 11000/cmm, normocytic normochromic picture with DLC showing 80% neutrophils, 15% lymphocytes and 5% monocytes on peripheral smear, ESR 70 mm/1st hour, negative HbS and HCV screening, negative PPD and sputum AFB, normal Liver function tests and normal Renal function tests. Chest X-ray was normal, U/S and CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis were normal. CT scans of the orbits showed bilateral superior orbital masses and mild proptosis of the left eye. Incisional biopsy of the left Superior orbital mass was performed that revealed the diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease. CT scan orbit (Coronal View): Bilateral Superior Orbital Masses CT scan Orbit (Axial View): Mild Proptosis of the Left Eye Treatment: The patient was counseled about the nature of the disease and administered Inj. Methylprednisolone 1gm x OD for 3 days followed by Tab Prednisolone 1mg/Kg body weight x OD and advised followup after 4 weeks. On followup visit, examination showed that her ptosis and cervical lymphadenopathy had improved. She was also assessed for side effects of steroid therapy. No side effects were noted. She was advised followup after 8 weeks. DISCUSSION Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), is a rare histiocytic disorder which occurs due to the over-production of non Langerhans sinus histiocytes. [1, 2] It was first described as a unique clinicopathologic entity by Rosai and Dorfman in 1969. [3] Although lymph nodes are more commonly involved, any organ may be affected. [1] Cardinal features include painless cervical lympahadenopathy, fever and elevated ESR. [4]Extranodal involvement has been reported in diverse anatomic sites, particularly the skin, orbit, and upper respiratory tract. [5, 6] Central nervous system involvement without nodal disease has also been reported. [7] Rosai-Dorfman disease though quite rare, is distributed worldwide with 80% cases occurring in children and young adults with a slight male predominance (58%) and has a general predilection for individuals with African descent. [8] The etiology of RDD is unknown, however certain viruses like Human Her pes virus 6 and Epstein-Bar virus via causing immune dysregulation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. [9, 10, 11] The diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease is not easy since its presentation can mimic a number of other non-malignant as well as malignant conditions ranging from bacterial or viral infections to malignancies including leukemia and lymphoma. Biopsy of the lymph node or affected tissue is required for the diagnosis of this disease. Proliferating S100 and CD68 antigens positive histiocytes exhibiting emperipolesis i.e. phagocytosis of intact lymphocytes and other immune cells, is the classical histologic finding on biopsy in Rosai Dorfman disease. No specific treatment protocol is established for Rosai Dorfman disease because the disease is rare and its course is mostly self limiting. [14] However, patients with severe, persistent disease or in cases where organ function is compromised steroid therapy, chemotherapy, surgical resection or radiotherapy can be instituted with varying success rates. [12, 14, 15] CONCLUSION Rosai-Dorfman disease shares many of its presenting features with leukemia, lymphoma, tuberculous lymphadenitis and other causes of histiocytosis, so it should be considered in the differentials of patients, especially children and young adults who present with painless cervical lymphadenopathy. It is also important for physicians to recognize that the disease can have a myriad of clinical manifestations depending upon the tissue involved, as was the case in our patient we presented in this case report having cervical lymphadenopathy with orbital involvment in whom lymphoma, leukemic deposits, orbital pseudotumor, Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis and hemangioma were also amongst the list of differentials until biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of RDD. It is essential for pathologists as well to look for the histopathologic features of this disease in biopsy specimens, since if promptly diagnosed and managed, can reduce unnecessary diagnostic workups and mismanagement due to misdiag nosis of this disease. CONSENT Written informed consent was taken from the patient and her parents for the publication of this case report and any accompanying images. ABBREVIATIONS AFB Acid Fast Bacilli BP Blood Pressure CT Computed Tomography DLC Differential Leukocyte Count ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Hb Hemoglobin HbS Hepatitis B surface antigen HCV Hepatitis C virus Hct Hematocrit MCH Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin MCH CMean Corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration MCV Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin PPD Purified Protein Derivative RBC Red Blood cells RDD Rosai-Dorfman Disease SHML Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymhpadenopathy TLC Total Leukocyte Count References Riyaz N, Khader A, Sarita S. Rosai-Dorfman syndrome.Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol.2005;71:342–4. James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006).Andrews Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier.ISBN0-7216-2921-0 Kong Y, Kong J, Shi D, Lu H, Zhu X, Wang J, Chen Z:Cutaneous Rosai–Dorfman Disease: a clinical and histopathologic study of 25 cases in China. Am J Surg Pathol2007,21:341-350. Foucar E, Rosai J, Dorfman R: Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): a review of the entity. Semin Diagn Pathol 1990; 7:19-73 Puppin D Jr, Chavaz P, Harms M: Histiocytic lymphophagocytic panniculitis (Rosai-Dorfman disease): a case report. Dermatology 1992; 184:317-320 Andriko JW, Morrison A, Colegial CH, et al: Rosai-Dorfman disease isolated to the central nervous system. A report of 11 cases. Mod Pathol 2001; 14:172-178 Woodcock RJ, Mandell JW, Lipper MH: Sinus histiocytosis (Rosai-Dorfman disease) of the suprasellar region: MR imaging findings a case report. Radiology 1999; 213:808-810 Sodhi KS, Suri S, Nijhawan R, Kang M, Gautam V:Rosai–Dorfman disease: unusual cause of diffuse and massive retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Br J Radiol2005,25:845-847. Ensari S, Selcuk A, Dere H, Perez N, Dizbay Sak S:Rosai–Dorfman disease presenting as laryngeal masses. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg2008,18:110-114. Pinto DCG, Vidigal TA, Castro B, Santos BH, DeSousa NJA:Rosai–Dorfman disease in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. Bras J Otorrinolaringol2008,74:632-635. Levine PH, Jahan N, Murari P, Manak M, Jaffe ES:Detection of human herpesvirus 6 in tissues involved by sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai–Dorfman disease). J Infect Dis1992,166:291-295. Yoon A, Parisien M, Feldman F, Young-In Lee F:Extranodal Rosai–Dorfman disease of bone, subcutaneous tissue and paranasal sinus mucosa with a review of its pathogenesis. Skeletal Radiol2005,34:653-657. Montgomery EA, Meis JM:Rosai–Dorfman disease of soft tissue. Am J Surg Pathol1992,16:122-129. Pinto DCG, Vidigal TA, Castro B, Santos BH, DeSousa NJA:Rosai–Dorfman disease in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. Bras J Otorrinolaringol2008,74:632-635. Moore J, Zhao X, Nelson E:Concomitant sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai–Dorfman disease) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report. J Med Case Reports2008,2:70.

Contempt of Court in Canada Essay -- essays research papers

Introduction This paper is concerned with the common law of contempt of court. More specifically, it outlines the arguments in favour of, and against, codifying this law. The purpose is to discuss problems with contempt of court, and make proposals to restructure the law. The first part of this paper will explain the openness principle, which is the balancing factor in respect of contempt of court. The second part will outline the common law offence of contempt of court and narrow the scope of this paper. The second part will set out and explain the arguments in favour of, and against, codifying the law. Finally, the last part of the paper will set forth some proposals for reform. The Openness Principle Even before freedom of expression was enshrined in our constitution, the judiciary noted that the basic principle governing judicial proceedings in Canada was their openness. Canadian courts are public institutions and accordingly, courtroom occurrences should be public business. As one Supreme Court justice stated, â€Å"openness was to be the rule; covertness the exception.† It was further noted that at every stage of the process, the rule should be one of public accessibility and judicial accountability. Now, since free expression has been espoused by Canadians and enshrined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms , the openness principle has attained a constitutional basis. Advancement of the principle is made possible by the media, as news reports are the primary means by which the public obtains information about the courts. Hence, courts must be open to the media in order for them to be open to the public. This concept is not novel to Canada’s judicial system. In fact, in recognition of this notion, the system has allowed media exceptions to certain rules and regulations of the court. A limitation on the openness principle is found in the common law of contempt of court. The underlying foundation of this analysis is that contempt of court must be balanced with the openness principle because accurate and fair courtroom reports are an integral part of the due administration of justice. Contempt of Court, Generally Contempt addresses behaviour, actions, and publications that interfere with, or create a real risk of interfering with, the due administration of justice. It regulates a range of human activities that pose a risk of such interferenc... ...contempt were formed but rejected on the basis that codification would have made an unnecessarily restrictive offence even more restrictive. Then, in 1984, a bill was introduced which would have codified much of the law of contempt. The bill was never enacted and nothing has happened since. The time has come to reconsider these issues as the law is now in dire need of reform. To clarify, this paper is not suggesting that all contempt of court law be codified. That would be an almost impossible task for a paper of this length, given the complexity of this area of law. Instead, the focus has been on sub judice common law contempt, its effect on our rights and freedoms, and the arguments in respect of codification. Balancing the rights and freedoms of Canadians with the administration of justice, the logical step seems to be in the direction of codification. Other jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, have taken the positive step toward codification. Perhaps Canada should examine the progress of these jurisdictions, and determine whether their attempts to limit the scope of media restrictions, while protecting the interests involved in trial proceedings, have been successful.

Edgar Allan Poe Exposed in The Fall Of The House Of Usher Essay

Edgar Allan Poe Exposed in â€Å"The Fall Of The House Of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe was a unique man that most people could not understand. Many recognize that he is a talented writer with a very strange and dark style. One of his most well known short stories is â€Å"The Fall Of The House Of Usher.† Many argue the different meanings of this story and how it is symbolic to his life. Poe was a very confused individual who needed to express himself, he accomplished this through the short story of â€Å"The Fall Of The House Of Usher.† Through this story, Edgar was trying to show the fear he had for him self, he did not understand him self so therefore Poe ran from his own personality and mind. This story enables the reader to take a look at Poe’s mind and reveals some of the details that led him into his own insanity. Almost everyone goes through different fazes in their lives where they are trying to find their true self. Some may be happy and content with who they are where as others are scarred and frightened at the human beings they have become. Edgar finally came to a point in his life where he needed to step back and examine himself. The method that he chose was to look into the depths of his own mind. There are many things for which he needed to come to terms with, in a sense he had grown apart from himself and needed to find out who he really was. The story of â€Å"The Fall Of The House Of Usher† is the story of Edgar Allan Poe taking a journey into his own mind in search of who he had become. Upon reaching the house of Usher he has come to the outer shell of his own mind, it is not clear what is wrong but Poe is certain that there is something off set and out of place. He cannot quite put his finger on it but it is there never the less. â€Å"What was it-I paused to think-what was it that so unnerved me in the contemplation of the House of Usher† (234). Before Poe truly finds what he is looking for, he knows that there is something wrong within himself. Even the setting of this story describes Poe’s personality and outlook on life. Poe first realizes in his journey that he is alone with no one to turn to except his very own mind. â€Å"When the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, through a singularly dreary tract of country and at length found myself within view of the melancholy House of Usher† (234). In the end, this fact of his life coul... ...not want to see any more and runs away from the house of Usher. By doing this he is running from himself and his very own mind. This is the final trigger, which causes Poe to comprehend his insanity. He runs away from his mind and does not want to accept it but he can do nothing about it. By this realization his mind falls apart and Edgar has reached the height of his insanity. Through the short story of â€Å"The Fall Of The House Of Usher† Poe did a phenomenal job of expressing himself and of revealing his own insanity. Poe had an idea of what he was becoming but after he did examine himself he was very frightened and he knew the only thing to do was to run. But for whom did he have to run to? Poe was well known and well respected but he did not have anyone to turn to. When Edgar runs from the house of Usher he is also running from his very own mind but where is he running? What is beyond the house of Usher? The only thing that is beyond the house of Usher is his own mind. The house crumbled and Poe cracked. He ran but the only place he found to confide in was him self. Edgar Allan Poe was scarred and needed help but there was no one, in the end Poe fueled his very own insanity.

Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland: The Inevitable Loss of Childhood I

The novel enwraps with â€Å"Alice and her sister sitting on the bank of a river. Unquestionably bored, she is reading a book over her sister’s shoulder. Suddenly, she spots a small white rabbit in a pea coat, dart across the grass. What astounds her is that the rabbit takes out a small watch from its pocket and exclaims, "I will be late". Alice had never heard a rabbit talk and moreover felt that it was bizarre for a rabbit to own a pocket watch. Curiosity takes Alice down the rabbit hole and this leads her into a land where her main pre- occupation seems to be either growing tall or becoming short.† (Carroll) Her longing to get through a little door that leads to a stunning garden takes her on an exploration to the house of a Duchess, a mad tea-party where she meets the Mad Hatter and March hare. Her encounter with the caterpillar is very helpful as it is through the caterpillar that she is able to know the way in which one could adjust their height reliant on the situation. Her experience in the house of White Rabbit is another fascinating occurrence. (Carroll) Overall, â€Å"her adventures before entry into the attractive garden are of a kind that leads her to question herself and the knowledge that she has about herself and of the world.† (Senna) The bottom line of Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures of Wonderland there is growing up to be done and a puzzle to be solved. (enotes) Throughout the progression of the book, Alice goes through many irrational physical changes. Discomfort with the feeling of never being the right size, deeds as a symbol for the fluctuations that occur during puberty. Alice finds these changes to be disturbing, and feels uneasiness, hindrance, and sadness when she goes through them. She struggles to sustain ... ...001. 26 March 2012. Carroll, Lewis. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Oxford: Macmillan & Co., 1862–1863. de Rooy, Lenny. An Analysis of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. n.d. 25 Mar. 2012. Kelly, Richard. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland; Through the Looking Glass. Oct. 1996. 17 Mar. 2012. Lazzari, Marie. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson- Introduction. 1996. 26 Apr. 2012. Lorring, Raina. Helium. August 2011. 20 Mar 2012. —. Literary Themes: Loss of Innocence in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. August 2011. 20 Mar 2012. McIntire, Sarah. Growing Up in Alice in Wonderland. 2007. 25 Mar. 2012. Mingin, William. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Feb 2003. 19 Mar 2012. Senna, Carl. CliffsNotes on Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. n.d. 18 Apr 2012.

Health care profession

Health care professionals are doctors , nurses, surgeons and many more . Did you know that there are 13 characteristics of a health care professional, there is Empathy , Honesty, Dependability, Willingness to learn , Patience , Acceptance of critism , Enthusiasm, Self motivation, Tact , Competence, Responsibility , Team Player and Feedback. These characteristics are important to doctors , nurses , and surgeons because they need to understand the patients , they also need to be honest and patient wit them . Doctors ,nurses, and surgeons need these things to ucceed and accomplish their tasks .They also need to make the patients feel comfortable , they the need to let the patients know that they can count on them to do their Job and that their safe and secure with them . ln order for them to do these things their suppose to be fully trained ,or have a certification or have a license to work in the field of a health care. A good health care professional has communication skills which inc ludes speaking and listening to patients with this the doctor will be able to understand what the patients need. Health care is a vitual service that ouches the lives of millions of people at significant times like birth , illness, and death .Some injustices that doctors do is that when patients go through surgery , doctors tells the patients that there is no guarantee if you will get better or not ,or if you will survive or not or die with in surgery and some times doctors make patients sign a contract saying they have nothing to do with the death . 1 think this is injustice because when the doctors have no other way curing the patients they leave the patient there to die. It is Just sad seeing the doctor has no more options to save the patient lite .Some data snows that many people do not do not receive the right care ,or receive unnecessary harmful care. How do you have a good effect on patients ? If you want to have a good effect on patients you first need to take good care of t hem and show them that you care. The patient need to know and feel safe in the hands of whom its being taken care by, so it can be able to trust itself and the caretaker. Patients should be handled gently and not with force. If they need to take medicine shouldn't be by force or they might try to kill themselves because they feel harm is being done to them.Doctors should try their best to help a patient be cured ,or at least show the patient there is some hope instead making them feel death is near. The doctors should also try to make the patients feel better and to let them be treated fairly. In the movie Patch Adams it shows that a man named Patch wanted to become a doctor so he can help and understand patients. In the movie Patch was very patient , he was responsible for many patients that needed treatment and also took good care of them. .Patch had self motivation , that he would become a doctor no matter what .Patch had and used all of the characteristics hat a doctor should us e or have.. He helped patients smiled and laughed again. Patch had a big imagination that one day his dreams would come true and it did . As a doctor Patch was. , honest ,patient, tact , responsible ,discretion, he had acceptance of criticism, he was willing to learn , and he was enthusiasm. Patch loved being there for patients and helping them, he wanted to become the best doctor the world has ever seen. And most of all, Patch was a doctor who not only helped people and made them smiled but he showed them to always have a little bit of fun no matter how old you are.

PEST analysis for banks Essay

The sustainability of DCB Bank agenda has expanded rapidly. It reflects the company’s increasing focus on the wider nature of business and made the stakeholders growing interests in competitive world of business. There is now a great awareness about the global challenges such as climate changes, poverty, scarcity of resources, and demographic shifting. The responses came from the government and from different businesses, as well as the non-profit organization helped DCB Bank made it possible for the sustainability. Economic Analysis The approach to the sustainability program is useful and encourages DCB to be open and transparent to the issues such as the initiatives in further research and development, dialogue with the government and various organizations, and their priorities. DCB Bank enable to broaden their focus on corporate responsibility to prove that they play an essential role in establishing an economic advantage in the country where they operate. Social Analysis The sustainability strategy focuses in their objective to improve the value of the business and their stakeholders. They give importance on the customers and clients such as maintaining the understanding of their needs and promoting the company by measuring satisfaction. It can be only possible by focusing of their global performance by their assurance to develop an innovative solution and enhancing performance. On the other hand, the people working with DCB Bank make a great advantage in the performance of the business. In addition, they attract employees to collect the talent, develop them according to the competent world, and retaining them as much as possible. Technological Analysis DCB uses the means of technology for their business especially in the areas of Agri and Inclusive banking. Their aim to help the people in fight against poverty is possible through their financial system. The technology makes it possible to empower the system and establish a competitive advantage. Pioneering the new ideas, adding the skills and operational excellence are part of the guiding principle of the organization.

Gulliver’s Travels: Gulliver’s Identity Loss

Spencer Shelburne British Literature I Novel Paper 12/2/11 Gulliver’s Lost Identity J. R. R. Tolkien once said, â€Å"Not all who wander are lost. † It is to be assumed then that he was not talking about Capt. Lemuel Gulliver. Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift is a narrative of the identity crisis. Captain Gulliver is indeed lost, both literally and metaphorically. He sets out on a voyage seeking a way to fulfill his identity as the financial supporter of his family, but once he leaves the structured society of England, his sense of identity is lost. At times, he does not even consider his family back home.He is misplaced in strange countries with strange inhabitants. In his misplacement, an interesting identity-void is created; Gulliver has no way to define himself as a foreigner in a new society. The need to belong overwhelms him, and he accepts any identity that is thrown his way, no matter how degrading it is. Through this void, Swift explores how society and pol itics systematically function to disassemble and reinvent the individual. In each of the countries Gulliver travels to, he is isolated from a sense of kinship and alienated from acceptance, the degree of which increases with each voyage.This alienation and isolation is surprisingly first apparent in his home country, England. In an unemotional tone he describes his family: â€Å"My Father had a small estate in Nottinghamshire; I was the third of five sons†¦ my father now and then sending me small sums of money†¦ † (p. 1). Likewise, his attachment to his wife is just as dispassionately observed: â€Å"I married Mrs. Mary Burton, second daughter to Mr. Edmond Burton, Hosier, in Newgate-street†¦ † (p. 2). Even in his professional life, Gulliver has no real connection.He comments, â€Å"But my good Master Bates dying in two years after, and I having few friends, my business began to fail; for my conscience would not suffer me to imitate the bad practice of too many among my brethren† (p. 2). Though he tries to connect to society by participating in a respectable profession, he remains alone. This alienation and isolation is a minor theme throughout his voyages; it is the first step in the systematic approach Swift takes towards dealing with the broader theme of identity. In each of the cultures Gulliver encounters, this sense of alone-ness increases.In Lilliput and Brobdingnag, for example, Gulliver is even more marginalized from society by their fear of his physical appearance – he is a giant compared to the six-inch Lilliputians and an insect to the sixty-foot tall Brobdingnags. He is constantly aware of his differences from his hosts, creating a conscious sense of alienation. In the articles of his freedom, the Lilliputians point out: â€Å"they concluded from the similarity of their bodies, that mine must contain at least 1728 of theirs, and consequently would require as much food as was necessary to support that num ber of Lilliputians† (p. 2). His differences isolate him from the Lilliputian society; he physically does not fit anywhere, viewing their country as a sort of â€Å"theatre† (p. 9). His senses are also different, for he can see much further away than the Lilliputians, and likewise they can see much nearer than he. In Brobdingnag, he has to convince his master that he is not a lowly animal. The Brobdingnagian reaction to him highlights their repulsion of his differences: â€Å"The farmer by this time was convinced I must be a rational creature†¦Then he called his wife, and shewed me to her, but she screamed and ran back as women in England do at the sight of a toad or a spider† (p. 58). Gulliver is different from the native inhabitants of Lilliput and Brobdingnag and is alienated as such. In his voyages to Laputa and Houyhnhnm, Gulliver's societal isolation drastically increases, until he reaches the apex with the Houyhnhnms. In both countries he is openly co ndescended for both his physical and his intellectual â€Å"limitations,† and because of this condescension he is isolated from the rest of the society.When he refused the flapper to converse, it â€Å"gave his Majesty and the whole court a very mean pinion of my understanding† (p. 114). The king wants to learn nothing of England's history, but rather asks Gulliver to focus on European mathematics and â€Å"received the account†¦ with great contempt and indifference† (p. 120). In Laputa, Gulliver and his native society are weaknesses. The isolation in Houyhnhnm is the most acute, however. Gulliver cannot relate to them because they are not human – they are a superior species of horse. Nor can he relate to the repulsive and foul Yahoos who are human in an unrecognizable form.Spatially this isolation is manifested in the placement of his housing: â€Å"the master horse ordered a place for me to lodge in; it was but six yards from the house, and separa ted from the stable of the Yahoos†¦ † (p. 175). Although Gulliver takes up acquaintance with the Houyhnhnms it is always understood that he is associated with the Yahoos, for whom Gulliver has affected a deep hatred. They teach him the language, yet â€Å"†¦ looked upon it as a prodigy, that a brute animal should discover such marks of a rational creature† (p. 175). Gulliver's alienation here in the country of horses is vastly complete.Where then does this alienation and isolation leave Gulliver? He is in an identity-void, searching for any form of acceptance. Swift presents this as early as Gulliver's life in England. He lists his self-worth by his education and professional training, name-dropping as often as possible to give himself affluence: â€Å"He sent me to Emanuel-College in Cambridge†¦ I was bound apprentice to Mr. James Bates, an eminent surgeon in London†¦ Leyden: there I studied Physic two years and seven months†¦ † (p. 1). Through this series of wealthy names, Gulliver is seeking an identity through the acceptance of his audience.Lilliput is much different than England, however, in both its inhabitants and its culture. In this identity-void, Gulliver grasps at any straw of acceptance, no matter how degrading or humiliating. He literally gives himself before the emperor and princes, offering complete servility; he is a servant, eager to please his new masters. Upon later duty against the Lilliputian's sworn enemy, the Blefuscu, he says, â€Å"This great Prince received at my landing with all possible encomiums, and created me a Nardac upon the spot, which is the highest title of honour among them† (p. 29).He has achieved a place in the Lilliputian society and is elated. In his almost desperate attempt to gain favor with the emperor and princes, he proclaims: â€Å"I desired the secretary to present my humble duty to the Emperor an to let him know, that I thought it would not become me, who was a foreigner, to interfere with parties; but I was ready, with the hazard of my life, to defend his person and state against all invaders† (p. 26). He has learned the language earnestly to build a bridge over his alienation. He has allowed himself to be held captive, knowing full well that due to his sheer strength, he could squash whomever he choses.But only on the Lilliputian's terms does Gulliver receive acceptance, and as witnessed in the rapid recall of his title and honor, it is short-lived at best. As Gulliver's journeys progress, the occurrences of even temporary social identity and occasions of acceptance decrease rapidly, an inverse to the increase of his alienation. From Brobdingnag on, Gulliver never fully adapts to their societies, although he does not stop trying to find his adopted identity. In Brobdingnag, he humors the Queen, entertaining her as a doll-like plaything, winning her favor.In an attempt to build his own identity as the Queen's favorite, he delibera tely undermines the Queen's dwarf, sending him to live with another household as a punishment. In Laputa and Houyhnhnm, Gulliver experiences something altogether different than what he has encountered before. Laputa is a floating island of philosophy and higher thought, a would-be utopia if it were not for excess and the lack of reason. Gulliver makes an attempt to understand the Laputans by learning their language, visiting various places such as their court, universities and land below, but cannot reconcile himself with what he finds; it is too abstract and tedious.He grows increasingly â€Å"weary of those people† (p. 127) and feels â€Å"neglected† (p. 127). For the first time in all his travels, he longs for England. In place of Gulliver's drive for acceptance, the reader is introduced to Lord Munodi. He is an isolated character, and much like Gulliver he is seeking his identity in a society that does not accept him. In Lord Munodi's case, it is because he is too rational and looked upon with â€Å"tenderness, as a well-meaning man, but of a low contemptible understanding† (p. 129).Having failed to achieve an enduring identity in these societies, it is not without desperation that Gulliver next throws himself so fully in the pursuit of acceptance from the Houyhnhnms. To physically set himself apart from the Yahoo-humans and be acceptable to the Houyhnhnms, he hides the appearance of his person with his clothes: â€Å"I had hitherto concealed the secret of my dress, in order to distinguish myself as much as possible, from that cursed race of Yahoos; but now I found it in vain to do so any longer† (p. 177). He swears his master to secrecy, so that the rest of the Houyhnhnms will not think less of him.He goes out of his way to impress them with his acquisition of language and would be very content to live the rest of his time with the reasonable creatures. He is successful at creating a life among these whom he has grown to admire and love, and even eventually moves into his Master's house. But other Houyhnhnms do not approve of a Yahoo staying in their own homes, and Gulliver is banished from Houyhnhnm. His alienation had overcome his acceptance dramatically. Where does this leave Gulliver? From his isolation to desperate attempts for acceptance comes a loss of basic human identity.In England, Gulliver does not have any emotional attachment to his family as befitting a man of the middle class. He is an emotionless person concerned more with financial and social status than with leaving his wife, five months pregnant, and the children he barely knows so he can travel again; he shows more emotion towards the Houyhnhnms than he does with his family. In his drive to succeed in English society, he has ceased being an emotional creature of humanity. In Lilliput, Gulliver's loss of a human identity is much more literal when he allows himself to be chained up as a prisoner.The image of him with chains around him, a nd his observation that â€Å"being fixed within four inches of the gate, allowed me to creep in, and lie at my full length in the temple† (p. 9) brings to mind a dog in the doghouse. He allows the Lilliputians to strip him of his English identity by renaming him Man Mountain, and he further distances himself from England when he learns their language in an attempt to bridge his alienation. In his desperation for acceptance, he allows himself to become a tool of the state and takes on the Lilliputian sworn enemy Blefuscu.In Brobdingnag, Gulliver likewise lowers himself so far as to stop being a human being, but rather a play thing for their amusement. He is again stripped of his English identity by being dressed in Brobdingnagian styled attire and renamed Gildrig. He gets so immersed in the Brobdingnag culture that he has a very difficult time going back to his native culture in England, and therefore he treats his family as if they were Lilliputians. In Houyhnhnm the reader sees the most drastic change in Gulliver's identity as a human as he becomes a loner.It is here that he loses all sense of his former humanity. He is sickened by the idea of going to live among the Yahoos, and he has so fully adopted the Houyhnhnm society that he cannot help but see his family as ugly, beastlike creatures. In the end, he is forced to return to the world from which he came. Having seen the things he has, the world of Yahoos is disgusting to him. When rescued by Don Pedro De Mendez, Gulliver's complete submersion in Houyhnhnm culture is at once apparent in his accent and his clothing. Once home, he is barely able to tolerate the presence of his family.He then goes into a kind of madness, spending his days talking to the horses in his stable as if to recreate Houyhnhnm. It is when he is alienated from social acceptance that his identity starts weakening. Gulliver doesn't just try to gain a new identity, one is forced upon him; he is a monster: a repulsive Yahoo in Houy hnhnm, a doll named Gildrig in Brobdingnag, and of course a Man Mountain tool in Lilliput. Eventually, he latches on to any acceptance he can find, even if it means losing his basic identity as a human. Work Cited: Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Only Children Essay

Introduction Research from the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2006 suggests the fastest growing nuclear family unit has become the single-child household (Emma Sykes, 2011). According to figures released by the Office for National Statistics, the UK has about 7.7million families with dependent children, of which 3.7 million have just one child, compared to three million with two and 1.1 million with three children or more (Simon Edge, 2013). Additionally, in the United States, the percentage of women who have one child has more than doubled in the past 20 years up from 10% to 13% (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2011). The issue of single-child households is a contemporary issue relevant to both children and parents in today’s modern society as the number of single-child households are rapidly growing throughout the 21st century. Scope There are increasing rates in single-child households. Single child households are rapidly growing in popularity making them a contemporary issue of the 21st century. There are many factors which influence parents to raise a single child. Additionally, there are many factors which effect the child due to them being raised without the influence of siblings. These aspects are going to be explored and focused on for the purposes of this investigation. The aim is to determine: â€Å"Are there more advantages or disadvantages when having an only child?† The following guide the discussion: Why do parents choose to have an only child? What are the advantages of having an only child? What are the disadvantages of having an only child? Methodology Both primary and secondary sources were used to gain information for the purposes of this investigation. Examples of secondary sources include the internet, books and other printed medias. The internet provided an assortment of sources. For example, reliable websites with statistics and informative information which related to the topic. Additionally, videos were sourced online. They were used to provide factual information and statistics relating to the topic. Due to the fact internet sites, books and printed media are secondary sources, it was noticed that they incorporated biased views as they were second hand opinions. In order to gain information  which would assist with writing a reliable investigation and conclusion, interviews and surveys were conducted. Interviewees included: E Barbaro – Mother of four and grandmother to an only child. V Haynes – A former kindergarten teacher and mother of an only child. J Stefano – An only child. The individuals interviewed all had the ability to provide strong opinions relating to the topic of only children as they were either an only child themselves, have raised an only child and/or gave opinions towards their thoughts on having siblings. Why do parents choose to have an only child? Each individual to their own has their own beliefs relating to whether or not is beneficial to raise an only child, and that includes parents. Each parent to their own also has their own beliefs towards why they wish to raise a small family. The number of families today with just one dependent child is now 47 per cent and expected to rise to more than 50 in a decade. As the ONS confirms: â€Å"It appears that families are getting smaller† (Simon Edge, 2013). Firstly, it is believed that most parents make the decision to have an only child because it makes them happier. Professor Hans-Peter Kohler of the University of Pennsylvania is one of the many to agree with this statement. He states that the only thing that a majority of parents take into consideration is their ‘wellbeing’. According to Kohler, a parents happiness peaks at one child, and â€Å"having more makes you poorer, more tired and less content† (2013). Further evidence regarding parents raising a singular child comes from Havard psychologist; Daniel Gilbert. Gilbert supports Kohler’s views regarding the parents of singular children, and agrees that they choose to have one child as part of their personal wellbeing. Gilbert claims that â€Å"mothers are at their happiest during those moments when they are not looking after their kids. They prefer shopping, watching TV, exercising and eating† (2013). Gilbert’s studies have concluded that mothers consider interacting with their child is on a par with mopping the floor (Paul Meril, 2013). Another to agree with these statements is author; Lauren Sandler who explores the topic of parents raising only children in her book: The One and Only: The Freedom of Having an Only Child and the Joy of Being One (2013). Sandler writes â€Å"they don’t like being parents (because they are selfish), or they care more about status – work, money, materialism – than their kid  (because they are selfish), or the parents waited too long (because they are selfish)†. Unlike psycologists, Sandler has her own perception of the issue as she is an only child herself, and the mother of an only child. She explains that she wanted to have an only child for the same reasons as her mother did and that is; â€Å"to have a happy kid, my mother figured she needed to be a happy mother, and to be a happy mother, she needed to be a happy person. To do that, she had to preserve her authentic self, which she could not imagine doing with a second child†. In order to test whether or not parents decide on raising a single child to benefit themselves, a survey was conducted by a group of mothers at a day care center who have chosen to raise an only child. Similar to what psychologists have suggested, 44% of the participants have agreed that they choose to have an only child as it beneficial to their personal wellbeing. Despite the overwhelming amount of parents that claim that having an only child is beneficial to them, there were some who had contradicting views by adding: â€Å"When we got married we always wanted to have a big family. This choice was taken out of our hands and we had to depend on IVF to conceive and carry our only 4 year old child† (2013). Social psychologist, Susan Newman states: â€Å"women are getting married later, which raises infertility issues. Many women continue their careers even after they have a child, which makes having more than one child more difficult. Add with the financial stress of raising a child, it’s no wonder some couples stop at one† (Kristy MacKaben, 2013). It costs a significant amount of money to raise a child; clothing, medical care, schooling and some parents may decide that they can’t afford to have lots of children (Emma Sykes, 2011). Parents feel that they can give that one child more in comparison to giving more childr en less. â€Å"It improves their quality of life† says Newman. What are the advantages of having an only child? After conducting a survey and asking a group of people who had siblings whether or not they would prefer being an only child, 83% of the participants replied with yes. When partipants were asked as to why they would prefer this, they claimed  that only children have more advantages. Some being mothers themselves claimed that that the biggest advantage of having one child is the money. With each child, these expenses are more. By not having to spend more money on additional children, your only child can have more costly items (Holly Doorman, 2010). The financial implications of being an only child are numerous. Parents only have one child’s education to pay for, to clothe, to feed, to enroll in lessons or to invest in their financial security. Multiple children require parents to work harder to achieve larger salaries to support their children (Joys of Parenting, 2013). Social psychologist, Susan Newman states: â€Å"if you have a middle income, you’re going to spend roughly $286,000 to get them from birth to 18. That’s kind of staggering†. Another major advantage of being an only child is the educational advantages. Only children are both the first born and the last born child. These children must assume both roles. These children tend to be more academically oriented, ambitious, conscientious, conforming, conservative and respectful of their parents (Holly Doorman, 2013). It turns out there is a significant difference when it comes to intelligence in only children and children from larger families. A landmark 20-year study showed that increased one-on-one parenting produces higher education levels, higher test scores and higher levels of achievement (Kristy Kackaben, 2013). Parents will have the money to spend on tutoring, tools, and the best schools. Parents also have the time to help with homework because you are not running after other children. With one child to give your attention to, it is much easier to find out if they are having problems in school (Holly Doorman, 2013). Newman agrees by stating: â€Å"they have all their parents financial resources to get them extra lessons, to get them SAT training but more critical is the one-on-one time at the dinner table.† This results in more reading time, more homework time and eventually better test scores. One mother stated that: â€Å"I think we felt as a family that we were able to give our son more attention and spend more time together and really focus on him† (2013). By having only one child, the child’s and parent’s privacy becomes easier. One of the main advantages of being the only child †that your parents pay attention only to you. You are the most important person in their lives. Parents do everything for you† (J Stefano, 2013). For example, if the child wishes for a new toy or some clothes, parents will simply buy  it to fufill the child’s wants. For mother of only child, V Haynes, she states that: †I generally purchase toys for my child in o rder to fufill their wants as they are lonely and do not have a sibling to bond with† (2013). Moreover, only children have everything to themselves. They will not have to share a room, the computer and any other things. What are the disadvantages of having an only child? In a 2013 study, data from from before and after the institution of China’s one-child policy has shown a causal link between being an only child and acquiring certain negative character traits. The study found that ‘onlies’ are â€Å"significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse, less competitive, more pessimistic, and less conscientious individuals† (Sandler, 2013). â€Å"The hardest part of being an only child is the stereotyping others create. Stereotypes make people assume that you are somebody that you are not† (J Stefano, 2013). The biggest disadvantage for only children is that they are generally percieved as ‘spoiled’ and/or ‘selfish’. Although disputed by scholars past and present (Polit & Falbo, 1987; 1988, Newman, 2011), the popular belief is that only children are self-centered, spoiled, in constant need of the spotlight, and socially inept (Stephen J Betchen, 2011). The most common statement made by survey participants when asked for their thoughts on only children was that: â€Å"they are used to thinking that they are the most important people so they must have everything only for themselves† (2013). These stereotypes have all been derived from the work of a 19th century psychologist who famously concluded that, â€Å"being an only child is a disease in itself† (Lauren Smelcher Sams, 2013). The old stereotype of spoilt and selfish does no one justice (Carmel Egan, 2009). Due to stereotyping, when someone becomes knowledgable that someone they meet is an only child, it is most likely that they will behave differently towards them. They are often perceived as loners and their actions may be misinterpreted.This makes it more difficult for only children to establish friendships. Single children do not learn social skills with other children in the household. Therefore, all of their social interactions must be gained in the world with other children (Joys of Parenting, 2013). When an only child is compared to a child that belongs to a large family, it is said that children from larger families are better off later in life since their  parents take care of their needs but not their wants. Children from larger families learn the difference between wants and needs. They learn to wait for what they want, or to work and earn it themselves. Thus they are spared the corruptive influence of instant gratification. They internalize the virtues of patience and honorable ambition. They grow to become self-reliant self-starters (Lots of Kids, 2010). According to Professor Ralph, whilst children from larger families learn these things, only children rely and become more dependent on the parent (Emma Sykes, 2011) A major topic regarding only children is loneliness. Many parents of only children deny their child freedom to explore the world in case something ‘bad’ were to happen to them (E Barbaro, 2013). There are â€Å"other children can go out when they please. For example , shopping with friends or going to a party. But being the only child means that parents put pressure on you. You have to still prove that you are the best. Instead you must focus on studies and have to maintain getting an a A for every test otherwise your parents will be disappointed with you† (J Stefano, 2013). Lastly, having an only child can be of a disadvantage to the family in later years. Bryan Caplan, author of Selfish Reasons To Have More Kids argues that it’s better to have more kids. He says â€Å"have the number of children that maximises average utility over your whole lifespan. When you’re 30, you might feel like two children is plenty, but once you’re 60, you are more likely to prefer 10 sons and daughters to keep you company and keep the grandkids coming† (2011). Conclusion The rate of single child families is rapidly increasing in today’s current society. As the world is constantly evolving, so is the way parents choose have a family. The 21st century is different from the past as mothers are not required to ultimately spend all of their time being a housewife looking after children and completing household chores. Women now have careers and are more concerned about status work and materilism. With this factor in mind, it is no surprise that single child households are becoming a contemporary issue of the 21st century. Only children are becoming more accepted by society as it is becoming more common. It is now less likely for only children to be placed into stereotypical categories, and being percieved as ‘selfish’ and ‘spoiled’. Despite this, only children are still  identified for having these traits. A reason for this is that majority of parents raising single children do spend their money on them, as they have no other priorities. Other disadvantages are loneliness and the lack of freedom, leading to possible issues when interacting with other children. Altough there are quite a few negatives, they still do not outweigh the positive aspects of being an only child. Only children do get great advantages. For example, parents can spend all of their time on the child. That child is the number one priority. They can have a close relationship with parents and they do not have to share with others. Despite this, it can lead to negative aspects where the child learns the ‘selfish’ traits and falls under stereotyping. The question: â€Å"Are there more advantages or disadvantages when having an only child?† cannot be fully supported. Who is to say whether or not there is a great advantage when having an only child, or whether it is a disadvantage. There is not enough information to fully support whether it is a good or bad thing. Every individual is different and the overall, the decision to raise an only child is ultimately up to the parents and whether their lifestyle fits one of a large or a small family. Less or more children for whatever personal reasons should just be accepted, as long as the children involved are happy. There is not one right or wrong answer. Bibliography Primary Surveys with mothers and employees of a daycare center, 2013, ‘Are there more advantages or disadvantages when having an only child?’, August 22 E Barbaro, Interview, 2013 V Haynes, Interview, 2013 J Stefano, Interview, 2013 Secondary Bellybelly.com.au. 1986. One Child Families: Advantages and Disadvantages of Having an Only Child. [online] Available at: http://www.bellybelly.com.au/child/one-child-families-advantages-disadvantages-of-having-one-child [Accessed: 27th Aug 2013]. Caplan, B. 2011. Selfish Reasons To Have More Kids. The Perseus Books Group, p. Paperback, 288 pages. Emma Sykes. Abc.net.au. 2011. Triple P Podcast: Single Children – ABC

Ethical issues in social media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical issues in social media - Essay Example The affected organization was PayPal. Cyber criminals managed to develop a fake website that aped the original PayPal website. In order to obtain clients’ trust to reveal financial details, the conmen directed people to fake website through link in an email (Shannon, 2013). In the email, they required the users to log on to purported PayPal website and change their passwords only to give fraudsters critical financial details that left them penniless. For some PayPal clients, financial details were used to transfer money to fake recipients (Shannon, 2013). In the PayPal Incident, the client is the loser (Shannon, 2013). For instance, after reporting to the real PayPal about their incident, most clients are dismissed and PayPal calls it as the fault the client who did not identify the email as fraud. The damage was caused by lack of proper customer education on how to prevent online fraud. This could also be connected with user ignorance as there are terms and conditions that one abides to when registering as a member in companies like PayPal (Shannon, 2013). The root cause of the problem was increased cases of phishing where criminals target online banks and companies for their customers’ personal details. Consequently, target companies should work on educating their clients and require them to take all necessary precautions to keep personal security information secret. However, there is a requirement that with evidence of fraudster involvement, organizations are required to refund their clients (Shannon, 2013). In the case of PayPal phishing, the organization dismissed the client for relying on speculation and this made the situation worse as the client did not know who else to turn to (Coombs, 2009). The organization should have understood that the client is the boss and with such an alarm raised, there was need to understand the type of crisis the organization was facing. With a clear definition of the

Child Protection in School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Child Protection in School - Essay Example Safety is important to protect children from extreme pain, incapacitation, dismemberment or even death. In addition, breach of safety by supervisors, parents or (and) equipment makers can lead to legal suits for breach of safety standards. Each year, institutions of learning in Britain pay thousands of pounds to compensate injured children within school premises. For example, Gloucestershire council paid GBP 7,000 compensation to a student after a teacher accidentally injured a pupil during rugby tackle demonstration (NSPCC, 2011). Safety Safety is in everyone’s mind in the playground. As much as children require a lot of opportunities to engage in physical activities, it is important to ensure that they are safe from potential harm or injury. Dangers inherent during physical exercise include; burns, drowning, poisoning, falls, getting knocked over, cuts, breakages, dehydration, rape, beating and extreme is death. There are a number of worrying incidents where children die dur ing physical activities. Child’s serious injury during physical exercise is bad and death of a child during physical exercise is worst and unacceptable. When death in the field is reported, it sends cold shivers in people who listen and anger inhibits one’s heart. For example, according to Brighton and Hove Council, a child fell from the roof of air raid shelter when he climbed the fence to retrieve a ball. In Medway, a pupil was injured when goal post fell on him and at Cornwall; a student was injured by a ball kicked by a teacher. In addition, a child at Rotherham, South Yorkshire was hurt in the playground when another child splashed him with custard. Worst, Kyle Rees 16 year old boy at Portchester school, Bournemouth died when hit by a cricked ball on the head. Finally, a research conducted by NSPCC between 2007 and 2010 revealed that 75 percent of children were subjected to harmful treatment by coaches or their peers. Peers contribute significant portion injuries or harm experienced (NSPCC 2011). To ensure children‘s safety during physical education, teachers or guardians supervising then must be informed that children unlike adults may not be in a position to anticipate accidents or possible injuries. Therefore, it is the responsibilities and duty of adults to anticipate potential accidents and risk and prevent them from happening. According to Sportengland (n.d.), there is a safety framework that is useful in creating safe sporting environment, which prevent harm. The framework is a benchmark that is useful in making informed decisions, challenging harmful practices and promotes best safety practices. To prevent likelihood of accidents occurring, it is important to note below factors; Playgrounds need to be surrounded by handrails, fences, rubber surfaces and crash barriers to make children safe by preventing them from falling. Children need to be educated in safety measure to reduce injury risks. They also need to cover-up and gear- up during physical exercises. For example, children playing must wear helmets when riding bicycles to protect their heads from serious injury in case they fall and wear hats when playing in the sun to prevent sunburns. The people in charge with physical exercises should ensure that all sporting equipment and gears are in perfect working conditions and fitting properly. In addition, children need to shape up by preparing adequately before main physical activities to prepare their bodies and prevent them

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Strategic management - Essay Example A framework of analysis is used whereby the external and internal environmental factors affecting Barclays Bank operation in the retail sector is reviewed. The strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threat are presented in order to give a view of the situation prevailing in Indian banking system. Findings and conclusion show that the innovative strategies of Barclays are not sustainable because it is overtaken by the economic crisis which is the main reason for decline of growth. Foreseeable solution is an alternative strategy that the bank should consider to attain growth in the Indian market. Strategic Management The case study of Barclays Bank in India 1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide information on the strategic situation of Barclays Bank in India. This will consist of systematic analysis of factors associated with the external environment such as political, economic, social and technological that impacts the operation of the business. By knowing the fact ors that affect its operations, Barclays can align its corporate policies and strategic priorities in the present setting. Barclays Bank entered the Retail Banking system in India on May 2007 and used innovative growth strategies to attract the underserved population of the country. Barclays regarded this sector as a good potential for launching of its innovative products. But there is doubt on whether this strategy would work well under the economic crisis circumstances. The challenges faced by Barclay in pursuing this vision has been difficult, so that an analysis will be done to know if Barclays has succeeded to achieve growth in Indian banking. Barclays Bank is a late entrant to India but considered timing is just right. In an interview with Suresh Gurunani, Head of Barclays Retail Baank , said that it is better to start from scratch because it does not have any â€Å"legacy system† (Boir & Palande, 2007). Why India? India is a emerging market , it offers a wealth of oppo rtunities in trade, technology transfers, and direct foreign investment (Chuan, Li). Further to this, prediction as to the state of India’s economy states that soon enough, it will be one of the countries that will overtake the Group of 7 economies (Hamilton, 2011). Background. Barclay’s Bank mission in India is to offer a unique retail banking service with a vision of increasing customer convenience through innovative products and service offering. Barclays saw the opportunity of growth in the retail banking sector because of the large segment of population that do not go to banks. Barclays used innovative strategies to introduce the bank to the Indians. Its marketing strategy was done in three parts: first, the brand was introduced to create awareness and interest; the second phase was devoted to communication of Barclays as a heritage bank to create trust, and the third is the buildup of the brand suggesting its unique propositions. The business model of Barclays is composed of the following product offerings: The bank offered credit cards like smart budget card, Platinum debit card, seven-year personal loans and Premier League Card. The bank also proposed the â€Å"kudumb† savings account which allowed a family of maximum four people to have a single account that could also be extended to other members of the family like the maid. Their â€Å"No Frills† account has a maintaining average quarterly balance of as low as INR 350 equivalent to $7 only. Personal loans of up to a maximum of 1.7 million INR

Social Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Issue - Essay Example Centre for the Prevention of School Violence, North Carolina Department of juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention explain school violence as: School violence is any behaviour that violates school’s educational mission or climate of respect or jeopardizes the intent of the school to be free of aggression against persons or property, drugs, weapons, disruptions and disorder (2002). Signs that should ring an alarm / risk behaviours School violence are found to be linked with a number of behaviours and activities such as formation of gangs, threatening teachers or causing injury to them, students carrying weapons, physical fights, drug abuse or illegal consumption of alcohol, students being threatened or injured on school property, sexual assaults, robbery, bullying or cyber-bullying (verbal, mental or physical), vandalizing school property and skipping or dropping out of school. Facts about School Violence Key findings issued by a federal government report (2002) as well as facts given by CDC (2008-2010) say that such violent incidents are well planned and are rarely sudden or done upon impulse. Other people are aware of the idea / attack plan but fail to act upon the information prior to the incident and most attackers show behavioural indication (journal entries, threatening notes, verbal abuse / threats) prior to attack. Mostly attackers have access to weapons, have felt bullied or maltreated by others, have difficulty coping with a loss or failure, or have considered or attempted suicide. Most of the incidents have taken places around or at transition times such as lunch breaks or at the end or start of school. National level data source indicates that large middle and high schools are at more risk of serious violence, moreover, urban schools for minorities also report a high indication of an unlikely incident as compared to rural or suburban schools. Steps towards prevention of School Violence Prevention should start at the facility i.e. the schoo l by providing students with a healthy and safe environment to learn and engage in harmless extracurricular activities. Security system should be fool proof without giving students the image of a prison, with guards, counsellors, security cameras and metal detectors. Teachers and school staff (administration) should be trained and educated to detect and identify problems in a student or within a circumstance. Parents should be encouraged to get involved and groom their children during their crucial years. Acceptance & tolerance is the key to providing prevention to school violence, live and let live policy should be adopted and hammered into students instead of harnessing categorizations and distinctions, be it ethnic, personality, activities or preferences. Various education and support programs should be design with key physiologists to use theories and techniques to enhance tolerance, acceptance and involvement of a student and increase their compassion for life and society. Scho ol Violence and its Sociological Impact School violence negatively affects the students all over the world. It is not only violation of the rights of a child but acts as a significant barrier in achieving various international goals for improving communities and human life such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by United Nations and Education for all (EFA) objectives by UNESCO. This impacts the education (attendance, attainment and